Was Periyar E. V. Ramasamy a Communist?

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, also known as Periyar, is a prominent figure in Indian social and political history. He is often associated with his ideological views, particularly with communism, but the question of whether he was a full-fledged communist remains a subject of debate. In this article, we will explore Periyar's ideology, his stance on social justice, and the beliefs and principles that shaped his life and legacy.

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy: A Brief Overview

E. V. Ramasamy Nadar, popularly known as Periyar, was a social reformer, political leader, and staunch advocate for social change in Tamil Nadu. Born in 1879 and passing away in 1973, his ideologies and actions deeply impacted the social and political landscape of India.

The Controversial Connection to Communism

Periyar has often been linked to communism due to his criticisms of oppressive social practices, his advocacy for social justice, and his support for certain aspects of Marxist ideology. However, it is important to understand that he was not a communist in the traditional sense. Let's delve into his actual beliefs and how they differed from communist ideology.

Periyar's Sympathetic Stance on Some Aspects of Communism

It is evident that Periyar had a sympathetic and partial view towards certain aspects of communism, which align with his broader goals of social reform. His core principles were rooted in the idea of emancipation, social justice, and material progress. Here are the key aspects of communism that resonated with Periyar:

Emancipation of Women: Periyar was one of the earliest advocates for women's rights in India. He fought against practices such as child marriage, dowry, and the oppression of women. His emphasis on women's empowerment can be seen as a form of materialism that aims to address the material and social inequalities faced by women. Social Justice: Periyar's work was centered around the upliftment of marginalized communities. He organized several political and social movements that aimed to challenge social inequalities and promote equal rights for all. His efforts were aimed at achieving social justice through reform, not necessarily through the Marxist framework. Materialism: Periyar believed in the material progress of society. He advocated for scientific education and rational thinking, which he saw as a means to improve the socio-economic conditions of the masses. His emphasis on economic development and social reform could be seen as a form of materialism that resonated with certain communist ideas.

The Discrepancies with Communism

While Periyar's sympathies with certain communist ideals are undeniable, it is crucial to recognize the significant differences between his ideology and that of traditional communism:

Religious Reform: Periyar was deeply influenced by his Hindu beliefs and sought to reform the religion to align it with rational and scientific thinking. This contrasts with the anti-religious stance of most communist ideologies. Focus on Rationality and Education: Periyar believed in the power of rational thinking and education to bring about social change. He established several schools and educational institutions to promote literacy and empower the masses. This is a stark contrast to the more deterministic and class-based approach of traditional communism. Non-Violent Approach: While Periyar did engage in political activism, his methods were generally non-violent. He believed in dialogue and reform rather than revolution, which is a notable difference from the revolutionary approach of many communist movements.

Periyar's Legacy and Impact

Periyar's impact on Indian society is undeniable. His contributions to women's rights, social justice, and material progress have left a lasting legacy. Although he was not a communist in the strictest sense, his ideas and actions have influenced generations of activists and reformers. His emphasis on education, rational thinking, and social reform continues to inspire contemporary social movements.

Conclusion

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy was not a communist, but his ideologies and actions align with certain aspects of Marxist thought. His focus on women's rights, social justice, and material progress resonates with some communist ideals. However, his approach to these issues was rooted in his unique perspective and desire for social reform through rational and non-violent means. Understanding Periyar's views on communism can provide valuable insights into his broader philosophy and the impact of his legacy on Indian society.