Why Chhath Puja is Predominantly Celebrated in Bihar and Jharkhand

Chhath Puja, an ancient Hindu festival dedicated to the Sun God Surya and the goddess Chhathi Maiya, finds its primary celebration in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand. This article explores the cultural, historical, and community significance that makes Chhath Puja a cornerstone of these regions.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Chhath Puja is steeped in ancient traditions and practices that go back centuries. Its roots are deeply embedded in the agrarian lifestyle prevalent in Bihar and Jharkhand. The festival reflects the people's reverence for the Sun God, who is seen as the provider of light and warmth, essential for agriculture and harvest. Rituals associated with Chhath Puja, such as fasting, offering prayers, and performing arghya to the Sun, are deeply ingrained in local customs and practices.

Community Participation and Family Bonding

The communal aspect of Chhath Puja is particularly strong in Bihar and Jharkhand. People often travel back to their hometowns to participate, fostering a sense of community and family bonding. This tradition has been preserved over generations and continues to be a highlight of the festival. Even those who have migrated to other parts of India or abroad continue to celebrate Chhath Puja, thereby ensuring the festival's legacy is upheld in their new homes as well.

Migration Patterns and Traditions

The migration patterns of people from Bihar and Jharkhand have played a significant role in the spread and preservation of Chhath Puja. As people move to different parts of India and abroad, they bring with them the cultural practices and traditions associated with the festival. This has led to a widespread recognition and celebration of Chhath Puja across the Indian diaspora, further cementing its status in the cultural landscape.

Contemporary Perspectives on Chhath Puja

While Chhath Puja is celebrated for its cultural and religious significance, it also raises interesting questions. For instance, some have noted that the festival has a marked preference for male progeny, organizing prayers and rituals for the well-being of sons. This has led to some controversy, with Chhath Puja being labeled as "misogynistic" in nature. However, it is important to note that such interpretations are subjective and should be approached with a sense of cultural respect and understanding.

The Actual Beginnings of Chhath Puja

There is no definitive account of when or why Chhath Puja began, but local folklore and traditions offer insights. According to one popular belief, the festival originates from the legend of the son of Lord Surya, Karn, the King of Anga Desh, which is now part of Bhagalpur district in Bihar. It is said that like Karn, people in these regions have long been devotees of Lord Surya, performing rituals such as giving arghyal while in river water.
Additionally, it is believed that the people of Bihar and Jharkhand are predominantly followers of the Surya Sampradaya, the worshippers of Lord Surya as the supreme deity. This makes Chhath Puja a significant and revered festival in these regions.

Overall, Chhath Puja is celebrated primarily in Bihar and Jharkhand due to its deep cultural ties, historical significance, and strong community involvement.

Keywords: Chhath Puja, Bihar, Jharkhand