Was Arthur Rimbaud Converted to Islam: Fact or Fiction?

No, Arthur Rimbaud, the renowned French poet, was not converted to Islam. Historical records and evidence do not support the claim that Rimbaud formally converted to Islam during his lifetime. Known for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle, Rimbaud delved into various spiritual and philosophical realms, including Symbolism and Sufism, but did not adopt any organized religion.

Rimbaud's Quest for the Eastern Mystique

This is an intriguing question, usually sparked by the poet's affinity for Arabic literature and Eastern mysticism. Rimbaud's poetry often employed orientalist themes, contrasting the Western world with the East, a place where he felt alienated. This interest in the East can be traced back to his father, Frédéric Rimbaud, who had served in the French army in Algeria and even translated the Qur'an into French.

The connection to Islam in Rimbaud's life is more complex than mere curiosity. On October 7, 1883, while working as a trader in Harar, Ethiopia, Rimbaud wrote a letter to his family, requesting the best French translation of the Qur'an. In his request, he indicated a desire for the corresponding Arabic text as well. This request sparks curiosity and leads to further speculation about Rimbaud's spiritual journey.

Speculation and Fiction Around Rimbaud's Islam

Later, in a 1972 edition of Rimbaud’s complete works, editor Antoine Adam mentioned how the local population thought Rimbaud might have converted to Islam after getting to know him well. This fact, shared by curator Abdunasir Abdulahi at the Arthur Rimbaud Cultural Centre, Harar, in 2015, suggests a potential conversion. However, no definitive evidence supports this.

For instance, while Rimbaud did read the Qur'an and engaged in discussions about it, his letters prior to and after this request remain largely devoid of any references to Islam or any other religion. They are more focused on business matters and complaints about the mundane aspects of his life. Such as his indignation over the 'negrillons' around him, a term with overtly racist connotations, indicating that his fascination with the East did not change his outlook.

Conclusion: Rimbaud's Legacy and His Involvement in French Colonialism

While it is evident that Rimbaud had a genuine interest in Islam and Eastern philosophy, we cannot definitively state that he converted to Islam. His letters speak more to his personal dissatisfaction rather than any profound spiritual transformation. It is important to place his interest in Islam along with his involvement in French colonialism, a legacy that cannot be entirely positive.

Additional Sources

Arthur Rimbaud, Oeuvres complètes, ed. Antoine Adam, NRF/Gallimard I Promise To Be Good: The Letters of Arthur Rimbaud, trans. and ed. Wyatt Mason, Modern Library

For a deeper dive into Rimbaud's life and works, these sources provide valuable perspectives and insights.