Introduction to the Ancient Roots of Caste System in India

The origins of the caste system in India are surrounded by a rich and complex history. This article delves into the socio-religious dynamics that led to the formation and evolution of the caste system, particularly highlighting the role of Aryan Brahmins during the transitional period of ancient India.

Alexandria and Shaivism

During the era when Abraham created a monotheistic religion in Mesopotamia, the Indian subcontinent was predominantly Shaivite. Shaivism practitioners worshipped Shiva, Shankara, Maramma, Eswara, Nandi, Nandini, Meenkan, Ammayi, Ammayi, Muruga, and many other deities. This belief system was widespread across the region, from Afghanistan to Kanyakumari.

The Emergence of Vishnu and Vaishnavism

As the Aryans migrated and settled in India around 4700 years ago, they introduced the concept of Vishnu. Using the name of the Middle Eastern god "Nu," they prefixed "Vishwa" to it, transforming it into Vishnu. The Aryans, now known as Vaishnavas, quickly adapted to Indian practices, integrating their deities into the existing polytheistic framework.

The Rituals and Practices of Vaishnavas

While the Aryans made their mark on religious practices, their rituals, such as Yagna and Yagas, reflected their Middle Eastern and Persian origins. It is important to note that the names of these gods in Vaishnavism are strikingly similar to those in the Middle East and Persia, which strongly suggests a Turkic influence.

Conflict and Climax of Caste System

The arrival of Vaishnavas in India marked a significant shift in religious and social dynamics. They claimed that Vishnu was the supreme god, while Shiva was secondary, leading to intense civil wars and conflicts between Shaivites and Vaishnavas. As a result, the native Indian population, predominantly Shaivite, was gradually marginalized and reclassified as Shudras, or slaves.

The domination of the Vaishnavas, who were essentially Turkic, led to the Jati system - a hierarchical and discriminatory social structure. The Vaishnavas, now considered the first citizens of India, reserved the best for themselves, and the rest were relegated to the lowest caste categories.

Division within the Caste System

The Vaishnavas divided themselves into three major groups: Vaishnava Brahmins, Vaishnava Kshatriyas, and general Vaishnavas. Vaishnava Brahmins were further subdivided into Shiva Brahmins and Vaishnava Brahmins. Shaiva Brahmins were essentially Vaishnava Brahmins who worshipped Shudra gods like Shiva and Muruga.

Shudras, the lowest caste, were also divided into three primary categories: Vysyas (merchant caste), intermediate castes (like potters and weavers), and Asprajas (out-castes or untouchables).

Education and Privileges

The access to education was strictly controlled by the Brahmins, who reserved it for the elite class. They limited education to just 100 people, thereby perpetuating their own dominance and limiting social mobility for the lower castes.

It is a contradiction for the most civilized and cultured native Indians to be labeled as Shudras. This historical shift reflects a period of significant cultural and social transformation in India, rooted in religious and political conflicts.

The Question of Oldest Scheduled Castes

The question of who are the real and oldest scheduled castes has long puzzled historians and sociologists. The scheduled castes, as defined in modern India, represent a social hierarchy that has its roots in ancient practices. However, the true historical continuity and cultural identity of these groups remain a subject of debate.

For the readers who are seeking to understand this complex and nuanced history, it is important to recognize that the scheduled castes have a rich and varied heritage intertwined with the broader socio-religious tapestry of India.

Conclusion

The caste system in ancient India was a result of complex socio-political interactions, with the Aryans playing a pivotal role in shaping this system. The conflicts between Shaivism and Vaishnavism led to a hierarchical structure that has persisted to some extent even in contemporary times. Understanding the origins and evolution of the caste system is crucial for a deeper appreciation of Indian history and society.