Understanding the 2020 US Census: Timing, Accuracy, and Constitutional Mandate

Introduction

The upcoming 2020 US Census is crucial for determining political representation, receiving federal funds, and planning future infrastructure projects. However, questions and concerns about its timing and accuracy have arisen, especially with the ongoing pandemic. Let's delve into the details.

Timing of the Census

The 2020 US Census began on April 1, 2020. Despite initial speculation about delays, most of the data collection is being done online, significantly reducing the likelihood of further delays. Historically, the process of conducting the census has sometimes taken years, due to logistical challenges. In the late 1800s, Herman Hollerith invented the punched card tabulating machine, which revolutionized the speed and efficiency of data collection. However, in modern times, the online approach has streamlined the process considerably.

The Pandemic and the Census

The global pandemic has introduced unprecedented challenges, particularly affecting the ability of citizens to accurately provide data. One of the critical questions posed in the census asks how many people were staying at your home on June 1, 2020. This question can be difficult to answer, especially for those who have experienced sudden dislocations or evacuations due to the pandemic. For instance, some individuals living in coronavirus hotspots may have fled their homes or been evacuated, leading to confusion and difficulty in answering the question accurately.

Postponement of Census Collection

Despite these challenges, the collection of data has been postponed until after the lifting of coronavirus restrictions. The target date of April 1, 2020, remains the reference date for the census, and this will be used for most of the collected data. This is because a significant portion of the population has already reported their information for that date. However, to ensure accuracy, some areas, particularly homeless shelters, will have a different counting date, which is scheduled for the night of March 31 to April 1, 2020. This adjustment is necessary due to the nature of the homeless population, which may be more fluid and difficult to track.

Constitutional Mandate

The US Constitution mandates that a general census be conducted at least once every ten years. This requirement is found in Article I, Section 2, Clause 3, which states: "The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States and within every subsequent Term of ten Years in such Manner as they shall by Law direct." This constitutional obligation ensures that the US Government must conduct a decennial census, regardless of external factors such as the pandemic or logistical challenges.

Accuracy and Controversies

The accuracy of the 2020 US Census is a crucial concern. Given the complexity and scale of the operation, challenges can arise. However, the Census Bureau is taking several steps to ensure a robust process. These include online data collection, phone follow-ups, and additional efforts to reach hard-to-count populations. The Bureau has also increased advertising efforts, including TV commercials and recruitment of temporary workers, to ensure that all eligible citizens are counted.

Conclusion

The 2020 US Census is crucial for the proper functioning of our democracy and society. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the online approach and careful planning by the Census Bureau make a delay unlikely. The constitutional mandate ensures that the census must be conducted, and the Bureau is working diligently to ensure accurate and inclusive results.