The Origins of the U.S. Presidential System: Why the U.S. opted for a Presidential Over a Parliamentary System

Why was the United States established as a presidential system rather than adopting the British-style parliamentary system? The answer to this question lies in the historical context, particularly the American Revolution and the Founding Fathers' decisions during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Historical Context and the American Revolution

The Westminster parliamentary system, as it exists today, was not fully developed in 1787 when the United States Constitution was drafted. At that time, the British monarchy still wielded considerable power, particularly in the appointment and support of the Prime Minister. The reign of George III is a notable example, as his influence prolonged the ministry of Lord North during the American Revolutionary War.

The Founding Fathers and the Constitutional Convention

In light of this historical context, the Constitutional Convention in 1787 was faced with the challenge of creating a new system that eliminated the need for a monarch. The decision to establish a presidential system stemmed from the leadership and vision of figures like George Washington, who made it clear that he would not accept the role of king. The result has largely worked well, with several of its weaknesses being addressed over time, notably the Electoral College system.

Components of the U.S. Government

The U.S. government was effectively a blend of various models that had proven successful or had historical precedents. Drawing on the Westminster system, the U.S. Congress was designed to be akin to the Parliament with its bicameral structure. The Senate, modeled after the House of Lords, consists of representatives elected by states, serving to reform legislation. Meanwhile, the presidency mirrors the role of a monarch in many ways, albeit with significant evolved and endowed powers over time.

The Evolution of Parliamentary Systems

Since the 19th century, both the American and British parliamentary systems have evolved substantially. The U.S. system saw the rise of the presidential powers, far beyond the initial intentions of the Founding Fathers. Similarly, the British system has seen the decline of the monarch's role and increased power for the Prime Minister.

Both countries continue to claim that their systems have improved, and these improvements are debatable. As for my personal opinion, it is an issue that folks across the pond may have differing views on as well.

Conclusion

The choice to establish a presidential system in the United States was made with the explicit intention of creating a governance model that would uphold democratic principles and the autonomy of the people from the monarchy. This decision, influenced by the unique historical context of the American Revolution, laid the foundation for the robust and enduring U.S. democratic system that we know today.