The Marvel of Machu Picchu and Sacred Valley in Peru

Machu Picchu is an iconic ancient Inca citadel located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. This site, often considered one of the most impressive archaeological marvels in the world, lies close to Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire. Understanding the location of Machu Picchu within the secretive and vast region known as the Sacred Valley is crucial for travelers and historians alike. This article delves into the geographical and historical significance of the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, shedding light on why they are not just significant to Peruvian history but also to the world at large.

Pax Incaica

The Inca Empire, at its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. It spanned a vast territory, covering present-day countries such as Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, and of course, Peru. Cusco, often referred to as Cusco, the heart of the Inca world, acted as the epicenter of this expansive civilization. The empire was governed as a pantheistic society, with the emperor seen as a living avatar of the sun god, Inti.

The Location of Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu, often pronounced M-a-tch-oo pee-Chew, is situated in the Urubamba Region of Peru, within the Cusco Region, 80 kilometers northwest of Cusco. The city is located in the Machupicchu District above the Sacred Valley, in the Cusco Region. The Inca citadel stands at an elevation of approximately 2,430 meters (7,970 feet) above sea level. It is seen as an earthly paradise by Inca royalty during celebrations and is believed to be a hidden refuge from Spanish conquistadors.

Scenic Journey to Machu Picchu

The journey to this mystical site often starts in Cusco, with a bus ride or train journey through the picturesque Sacred Valley and then a shorter hike to the citadel. The Sacred Valley, or Urubamba Valley, is considered a sacred place within the Inca culture and is famous for its rich traditional agriculture. This fertile valley, occupying a high vega between the mountains, was believed to be home to Quilla Carana, or the House of the Moon, and Ama Talka, or the House of the Sun.

Preservation and Tourism

Despite the remote and challenging terrains, both Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley have been preserved through various conservation efforts. The Peruvian government and NGOs have made significant efforts to manage tourism while ensuring the preservation of the site. The Incas, with advanced architectural and engineering skills, constructed this citadel without the use of cement, mortar, or even pulleys. The stones used in the construction fit so tightly that even a knife cannot fit between them, a testament to the Inca’s advanced technology and engineering prowess.

Unesco World Heritage Site

Machu Picchu was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. It is recognized for its significant cultural, historical, and natural value, offering visitors a unique insight into the Incan civilization. The Sacred Valley, being a part of this historical site, is also a point of interest, providing a rich cultural and natural experience to visitors. From ancient terraced fields to sacred temples, the Sacred Valley is a tribute to the ingenuity and resilience of the Inca people.

Cultural Significance of the Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley continues to celebrate its rich cultural heritage through vibrant festivals, traditional dances, and local cuisine. The valley is located at the confluence of the Urubamba and Sandosacu Rivers, which provide essential water resources for agriculture, making it a fertile and important area. Local communities, such as the Q’eros, play a significant role in preserving the cultural heritage. The Q’eros maintain a strong connection to their ancestors and continue to practice traditional agricultural methods and religious practices, including the Qoyllur Rit’i festival held every May.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley stand as enduring testaments to the Incan civilization’s achievements and the fertile, mystical land of Peru. For anyone passionate about history, archaeology, or adventure, these locations are invaluable destinations that offer a profound understanding of the Incan culture and the natural beauty of South America. The Sacred Valley’s cultural heritage and the Llaqta, the traditional Quechua word for a town or a cluster of houses in the Andes, continue to thrive, welcoming visitors with open hearts and hands.

Keywords: Machu Picchu, Sacred Valley, Peru