Life After the Romans

Although the Roman legions officially departed Britain in 410 AD, the Roman influence continued to shape the landscape and culture for many decades. The Britons, who continued to see themselves as "civilised" in Roman fashion, faced several challenges in the period following Roman rule. These challenges included maintaining order, defending against invasions from various Germanic tribes, and adapting to a post-Roman economy and society.

The Arrival of the Angles and Saxons

The Angles and Saxons, along with other Germanic tribes like the Jutes, began their invasion of Britain in the 5th century, marking a significant transformation in the island's history. It is important to note that the Roman departure did not occur suddenly; rather, it was a gradual process that took several decades. During this time, the authority of Roman governors and legions weakened, leading to a power vacuum that the Anglo-Saxons were quick to exploit.

The Anglo-Saxon Invasion

The arrival of the Angles and Saxons was a series of events rather than a single decisive moment. While the Romans had left, the British did not immediately disappear into the shadows. Instead, they gradually became absorbed into the new Anglo-Saxon society. Over time, the Anglo-Saxons settled in Britain, bringing with them their own customs, languages, and social structures. This process was not without conflict, as evidenced by the battles and skirmishes that marked the early centuries of Anglo-Saxon rule.

Ancient Britain and the Anglo-Saxons

As the Angles and Saxons settled, they began to incorporate elements of British culture and adapt to the existing conditions. However, their presence did not come without resistance. The Britons, particularly in Wales, maintained their distinct identity and resisted integration into the Anglo-Saxon fold. Wales remained unoccupied for several centuries, allowing it to develop its own unique culture and language. This resilience of Welsh identity provides a stark contrast to the gradual assimilation experienced in other parts of Britain.

Occupation and Resistance

The Anglo-Saxons' occupation was not without its challenges. They encountered a population that was still claiming Roman citizenship and was resistant to the changes brought by their rule. The Anglo-Saxons had to adapt to the existing social and political structures, often co-opting local leaders and integrating them into their cultural framework. Despite these efforts, the Anglo-Saxons faced significant resistance, particularly from the Britons in regions far from the initial points of contact.

Survival of the Britons

The British were not entirely extinguished by the arrival of the Angles and Saxons. While many were assimilated or displaced, those who resisted formed pockets of resistance throughout Britain. The Britons who remained in Britain often adapted their practices to coexist with the new Anglo-Saxon rulers. Over time, a unique British culture began to emerge, blending elements of both Roman and Anglo-Saxon influences. This syncretic culture is evident in the remains of Roman towns repurposed for Anglo-Saxon settlements, and in the shared language and legal systems that developed.

Conclusion

The transition from Roman rule to the Anglo-Saxon era in Britain was a process that took centuries, rather than a sudden shift. The arrival of the Angles and Saxons marked a new chapter in British history, one that was marked by conflict, adaptation, and the gradual blending of cultures. While the Romans had left hundreds of years earlier, their legacy lived on in the structures and customs they had established. The Angles and Saxons added their own layers to this legacy, creating a rich and diverse tapestry of cultural traditions that continue to shape Britain to this day.