Devon's Identity: Grockles and English Dualities

The question of whether Cornwall is part of England or not has long been a source of regional pride and cultural identity. However, this debate casts a different light on its neighboring county, Devon. Despite being an integral part of England, Devon retains a distinct regional identity that merits exploration. This article delves into the historical and contemporary aspects of Devon, highlighting its unique characteristics and the interplay between regional pride and national identity.

Understanding Regional Identities in England

The situation regarding Cornish identity and its relationship with England is complex. Many Cornish people express a strong regional identity and cultural distinctiveness, often emphasizing Cornwall's unique history, language, and traditions. This sentiment can lead to the perception that Cornwall operates as a separate entity from England.

Interestingly, in contrast, Devon, which borders Cornwall to the east, is generally viewed as a part of England both culturally and politically. While Devon has its own regional identity and traditions, it does not typically assert the same level of distinctiveness as Cornwall. Therefore, if Cornwall is viewed as separate from England by some of its residents, Devon would still be considered part of England, reflecting the broader context of English counties and their historical ties.

Devon's Border Country Identity

Devon forms the border country between Cornwall, South Wales, and the rest of England. Historically, many parts of west Devon were seen as part of Cornwall at various times, particularly in and around Plymouth and parts of the South Hams, as well as the north coast of Devon and Dartmoor.

The treaty creating the Duchy of Cornwall in 1381 reflects the contemporary understanding and may have been based on the survival of Brittonic language in areas of tin mining and fishing industry. The stannary parliament for Devon and Cornwall took place at the boundary, being the ancient burh of Lydford - the westernmost borough in Wessex - just a few miles from the Cornish capital of Dunheved/LannStefan, today's Launceston, west of the Tamar.

Mines were still being named in the Cornish language in Devon even in the nineteenth century - wheal is the Cornish for ‘place of work’. This makes sense both culturally - Devon, for example, shares saints with Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany - and genetically - North Devon has an area indistinguishable from South Wales, while Devon is most similar to both Cornwall and England, though notably lacking the Germanic genetic element present in England.

Cultural Continuity and Regional Distinctiveness

The traditional landscape, archaeology, folklore, cuisine, agriculture, industry, and architecture of Devon all attest to its similarity and continuity with its neighbors. Medieval 'Dartmoor' longhouses are a type of traditional dwelling that can be found in Wales, Cornwall, Brittany, and Devon. This cultural and geographical overlap highlights the shared history and heritage of these regions.

Devon's regional identity is also evident in its local customs, dialects, and community identity. These elements contribute to a sense of pride and distinctiveness among Devonians, even as they remain part of England. The term 'Grockle' is sometimes used locally to refer to tourists. This term underscores the unique character of Devon, but it should be noted with sensitivity.

Conclusion

Devon's identity as a border county between Cornwall, South Wales, and the rest of England makes it a fascinating case study in regional identity and cultural continuity. While Devon is part of England, its distinctiveness and historical connections with other regions highlight the complex but interconnected nature of British identity. Understanding these nuances can help in fostering a richer appreciation of local and national cultures.