Controversial Aspects of the Quran Explained

As a Muslim, we believe that the Quran is the word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad for the guidance of mankind. While the Quran is a source of guidance, there are indeed some passages that have been subject to controversy and misunderstanding. In this article, we will explore some of these controversial aspects and provide context to help better understand them.

The Connotations of Quran Chapter 9

Chapter 9 (Surah Tawbah) mentions killing polytheists, but context is crucial.

The Quran states in surah Tawbah (Chapter 9) that killing polytheists is permissible under certain conditions. However, this command was given in a specific historical context and cannot be interpreted out of context. Before the verse that mentions killing, there are several precursor verses that establish the context. One of the significant verses is verse 5:

“And when Allah gave you victory at Bedr, and you were a party fearing for yourselves, then fear [Him], and you should, if you should be grateful.” (Quran 3:123)

This verse establishes the fear of the Prophet and his companions. It is also important to note that the context here is about those who violated their treaties. In verse 5 of surah Tawbah, it is specified:

“Believers, when you encounter a force, be steadfast, and remember the name of Allah much, that you may prosper.” (Quran 9:123)

And in verse 10:

“Believers, take not for friends those who take your religion for mockery, jest and scorn. And fear Allah . Indeed, Allah is severe in retribution.” (Quran 9:11)

Therefore, this verse is specifically about those who violated the treaties, and not all polytheists. The Quran does not command a blanket killing of all polytheists.

Flat Earth Myth Debunked

Some people believe the Quran mentions a flat Earth, but this is a misunderstanding.

A common misconception is that the Quran mentions the Earth as flat. However, this is a misunderstanding. In the Quran, Allah describes the spreading of the Earth (baqarah) for His creatures, as seen in verse 8 of surah Ash-Shura:

“And it is He who spread the earth and set therein firmly embedded mountains and rivers, and made of every fruit a precise measure. In that, indeed, is a sign for people who give thought.” (Quran 42:29)

The word “baqarah” in Arabic does not necessarily mean “flat” but can have a wider meaning, indicating the way the Earth is formed and spread. Thus, the Quran does not contradict modern scientific understanding of the Earth's shape.

Jihad: A Multi-Faceted Concept

Terms and context related to jihad can be misunderstood but the context is clear.

Jihad is often misunderstood and associated with violence. However, the Quran uses the term in multiple ways, not only in the sense of physical warfare. Surah Al-Baqarah 2:190 and Surah Al-Baqarah 2:193 provide important context:

“Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress limits; for Allah does not love transgressors.” (Quran 2:190)

“And fight in Allah’s cause with those who fight you, but do not transgress limits. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors.” (Quran 2:193)

These verses clearly state that warfare is only allowed under specific conditions and is not a blanket command. In other verses, the Quran encourages peace and negotiation:

“And if they desire peace, then you [should] desire it, and trust in Allah . Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.” (Quran 8:61)

Paragraphs 1-3 of Surah Tawbah (9) provide more context:

“O you who have believed, indeed, those who take Jews and Christians as allies instead of disbelievers—that is but little trust. And Allah is not with those who do not give thought.

“O you who have believed, indeed, the polytheists are unclean; so let them not, after this, come near to Al-Masjid Al-Haram [at Makkah] after this year of theirs. And if you fear poverty, then indeed, Allah will enrich you, if He wills, out of His favors. And Allah is knowing and wise.

“And [therefore] force not Al-Bidan to Eid Al-Adha. Indeed, they are clean. But strive with them [in the cause of Allah ] in a religious struggle [by invitation to Islam], [O believers], to the utmost, except against those who do not fight you because of [your] religion and do not expel you from your homes. So be careful of [your duty to] Allah, and know that Allah is severe in penalty.” (Quran 9:28-29)

The Quran also encourages mercy and forgiveness. For example, verse 33 of surah Al-Anfal highlights:

“Allah does not punish them while they [themselves] seek forgiveness.” (Quran 8:33)

These verses cultivate a balanced approach that promotes peace and understanding, based on particulars of the situation and individual actions.

Core Principles of the Quran

The core principles of the Quran emphasize peace, mercy, and justice. Here are some key points:

Struggle for the Truth: The Quran calls upon believers to fight for the truth (righteousness) against those who deny it, as seen in Surah An-Nisa 4:83: Righteous Struggle: While jihad is mentioned, the Quran clearly states: Peacemakers: Even in the face of conflict, the Quran encourages peacemaking, as seen in Surah Al-Anfal 8:61. Trusted Guidance: The Quran guides Muslims to seek refuge in God, as seen in Surah Al-Anfal 8:26: Forgiveness: The Quran emphasizes the importance of forgiveness, as highlighted in Surah Al-Anfal 8:33.

The Quran is a comprehensive guide for living a righteous life, rooted in values of peace, respect, and understanding. It provides a framework for believers to follow, making it more than just a book of commandments but a living guide that shapes personal and communal life.

For a deeper understanding, it is recommended to consult spiritual leaders or study the Quran itself. The Quran teaches that true victory comes from seeking forgiveness, mercy, and understanding, rather than through force or aggression.