Why Neo-Nazism in Ukraine is a Misconception Despite Zelensky’s Jewish Origin

It is often assumed that because President Volodymyr Zelensky is of Jewish origin, Neo-Nazism is prevalent in Ukraine. However, the situation in Ukraine is more complex and does not align with this common misconception.

Neonazis and Ukrainian Nationalism

Ukraine does not have Neo-Nazis in the traditional sense that the world understands. The country does have a presence of nationalists, but the term 'nationalist' in Ukraine is often misunderstood. Ukrainian nationalism is not ethnically driven; it is more cultural in nature. This is a key distinction that sets it apart from the far-right ideologies often associated with Neo-Nazis in other parts of Europe.

Examples of Ukrainian Nationalist Organizations

Organizations like Svoboda and Pravy Sektor, often criticized for their radical views, are not purely ethnically Russian. Members of these groups can include individuals of Korean, Tatar, and other Turkic origins. Many of these individuals are actively assimilated into Ukrainian culture and identify as Ukrainians. The same can be said for members of Pravy Sector who may look Asian, but they are Ukrainian nationals.

To illustrate, consider a member of Pravy Sector with a Jewish origin named Rebe. He served in the Ukrainian army and utilized a symbol that combined Ukrainian nationalist colors with a Star of David. This unique fusion of symbols is emblematic of the cultural rather than ethnic nature of Ukrainian nationalism. Similarly, Borislav Bereza, a prominent figure from the Pravy Sector who once served in the Ukrainian parliament, has Ukrainian nationality with Russian-Jewish origins. His background highlights the cultural inclusivity of Ukrainian nationalism.

Criteria for Ukrainian Nationalism

To be considered a Ukrainian nationalist, several criteria must be met. These include:

Respect for and active use of the Ukrainian language Respect for Ukrainian culture and mentality A strong desire to make Ukraine one's homeland, with a sense of belonging and identity as a Ukrainian

Before the war with Russia, Ukrainian nationalists were not as prominent in mainstream political positions. They made gains in the 2010 elections with groups like Svoboda securing 10 seats in parliament. During this period, they were often sidelined or marginalized by pro-Russian forces implementing Ukrainophobic policies. The emergence of these groups as opposition was a response to the socio-political climate and the dissatisfaction with the status quo.

Volodymyr Zelensky and His Rhetoric

A major factor influencing the current political climate was the election of Volodymyr Zelensky. His campaign focused on ending the war with Russia, using rhetoric similar to figures like Donald Trump, who emphasized negotiations and compromise with Putin. Zelensky's approach was largely based on a belief that a strong front against Russia could lead to peace. However, his diplomatic overtures were perceived as weakness, and Russia's response was to intensify its aggression.

Deeply hurt by Putin's denial of his advances for a peaceful settlement, Zelensky shifted his stance and is now firmly committed to fighting to defend Ukraine. The current full-scale invasion represents the stark reality of the political choices made during the 'calm phase' of the conflict, where Ukraine sought a diplomatic resolution.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the presence of Ukrainian nationalism does not equate to Neo-Nazism. The cultural and not ethnic nature of this nationalism is evident in the diverse membership of nationalist organizations and the inclusive nature of Ukrainian culture. While President Zelensky's Jewish background is a fact, it does not determine the political climate or the prevalence of nationalist ideologies in Ukraine.