Understanding the True Meaning of Bhagavad Gita 18/61

Bhagavad Gita, a profound text of great spiritual import, offers deep insights into the nature of human existence and our relationship with the divine. Chapter 18, verse 61, in particular, invites us to reflect on the limits of our free will and the inherent nature that guides us throughout life. Let's delve into the nuances of this important verse and its commentary.

Free Will and Divine Nature

Verse 18/61 states: 'ishvarah sarva-bhutanam hrd-deshe arjuna tishthati. divine qualities are intrinsic to who you are, bhramayan sarva-bhutani yantrarudhani mayaya.' This verse highlights the idea that despite the illusion of free will, our actions are actually guided by our innate nature, much like a carousel rider may think they have control but is ultimately governed by the machine's movement.

The metaphor of a carousel is apt; it suggests that our free will is limited, much like a carousel rider who might feel they are making decisions, but are actually driven by the machine's rhythms. This concept underscores the importance of understanding and recognizing our inherent nature, which is essential to living a fulfilling life.

Swami Chidbhavananda provides a commentary on this verse: 'The Lord dwells in the heart of all beings revolving them by His mysterious Power Maya as if they were objects mounted on a machine.' This further emphasizes the idea that our actions are influenced by an underlying force, represented here as Maya.

Natural Temperament and Human Character

Our innate nature is the enduring quality we possess from birth, shaping our character, thoughts, and actions. According to the verse and commentary, these innate qualities define our aptitude and interests. Swami Chidbhavananda elaborates: 'Arjuna representing the Jivatman was mounted on the chariot which was analogous to the human body. The chariot moved and the warrior waged the war. The former was unconscious of its movements while the latter was conscious of the part played in the war.'

This analogy suggests that while we may be aware of our actions, it is our innate nature that drives us. Just as an Arjuna (warrior) moves without knowing the exact direction of the chariot, we act according to our inherent tendencies without always being conscious of them. This inherent nature does not change, although it can be refined and improved over time.

The Role of the Divine Presence

The text further explains that while the presence of the divine (Ishvara) causes all actions to occur systematically, the divine itself remains actionless. Swami Chidbhavananda's commentary clarifies: 'Sri Krishna drove the chariot but He took no weapon and waged no war. In other words, while the presence of the Lord causes all work to take place systematically, He remains actionless. He, the Lord who resides as witness in the hearts of all, does no work but His presence propels beings to do their duties.'

This highlights the role of the divine as a guiding force, ensuring that all actions are performed in an orderly manner, yet does not interfere directly with them. It emphasizes the importance of understanding our role as the doers (jivas) while recognizing the divine presence as the ultimate witness and enforcer of righteous action.

Conclusion and Reflection

Bhagavad Gita 18/61, along with its commentary, provides profound insights into the nature of human existence and the interplay between free will and inherent nature. By recognizing and aligning with our innate qualities, we can better understand our role in the world and fulfill our duties in a harmonious manner. This verse serves as a powerful reminder to tap into the wisdom of the divine within, guiding us towards a path of self-realization and ethical living.