Understanding Motorways in Italy: Autostrade and Their Classification

When traveling in Italy, you might hear the locals refer to motorways as 'autostrade.' This term, which combines the Italian words for 'auto' (car) and 'strada' (way), reflects the historical context in which these roads were developed. Interestingly, the concept of motorways as we know them today was actually invented in Italy.

The Origin of Autostrada

The origins of autostrade can be traced back to the A8 Autostrada dei Laghi, which marked the first motorway in Italy. This road, constructed in the late 1920s, spurred the development of motorways across Europe. The term 'autostrada' thus became widely adopted, even though it is not exclusively confined to cars. Autostrade are designed for motorized vehicles and are not meant for horse-drawn carriages or pedestrians.

Autostrada Networks in Italy

Autostrade in Italy are numbered from A1 to A36 as of December 2019, with some roads bearing geographical or other names. For example, the A1 del Sole and the A14 Adriatica are named after their routes, while the A36 Pedemontana and the A15 della Cisa are named after secondary features. Italian drivers and travelers often identify these roads by using the names of the terminus cities, with province codes (such as A12 Roma-Tarquinia and A21 Brescia-Torino BS-TO).

While there is no single name for the entire network of autostrade, a common phrase used is "Rete autostradale italiana," reflecting the interconnectedness and extensive system of these roads. Autostrade are operated by various companies, with Autostrade per l'Italia being the largest operator of such roads.

Alternative Designations

Beyond autostrade, there are other terms used to classify different types of highways in Italy. A dual carriageway highway that does not reach motorway standards is known as a 'superstrada.' For main roads under national government control, the term 'strade statali' is used (numbers prefixed with 'SS'). Smaller roads under local control or recent replacements of Roman-era routes are known as 'strade provinciali' (numbers prefixed with 'SP').

Certain historical routes, such as the via Aurelia, via Cassia, and via Adriatica, are still in use and are referred to by their historical names. Specific types of autostrade, such as bypass or ring roads around a major town, might be called 'tangentiale,' though the term 'GRA' (Grande Raccordo Annullare) is used in Rome to refer to the orbital motorway around the city.

Finding Your Way in Italy

Understanding these terms—autostrada, superstrada, strade statali, and strade provinciali—can help you navigate the extensive highway system in Italy. Whether you're driving a fast-moving autostrada or navigating a smaller strada provinciale, knowing the correct terminology can make your journey smoother and more efficient.

As you travel through Italy, consider the historical context of these roads. The term 'autostrada' not only reflects the current state of Italian transportation but also commemorates the innovative spirit that drove the development of motorways in this region.