The Social Contract Theory: Moral Philosophy or Coercion?

Is the social contract theory a moral philosophy or a coercive system? This question has been debated for centuries, with various philosophers and thinkers contributing to the discourse. The social contract is an ethical concept that attempts to address the purpose and role of government as well as the responsibilities of citizens. This essay delves into the moral implications of the social contract theory and examines its ethical roots.

Introduction to Social Contract Theory

The social contract theory is an attempt to derive the ethical purpose and role of government, as well as the ethical responsibilities of citizens. It addresses issues of duty, responsibility, and fairness. This theory is not a mere abstract concept; it has roots in the ethical principles of philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke.

Key Contributions to Social Contract Theory

>Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke are two prominent figures who have contributed to the social contract theory. Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality and The Social Contract argue for the idea of natural rights and direct democracy. Locke's philosophy is deeply rooted in the concept of inalienable rights and the legitimacy of government based on the consent of the governed.

Development of Social Contracts: Rousseau and Locke

When examining specific social contracts, such as those proposed by Rousseau or Locke, we find ethical content. Rousseau's concept of the social contract is based on the general will of the people, while Locke focuses on individual rights and the protection of property. Both philosophers emphasize the idea that citizens have a duty to participate in governance and ensure that the government represents their interests.

Examples in Legal and Political Documents

The Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution provide examples of the application of social contract theory in legal and political documents. Both documents are fundamentally rooted in Lockean principles, advocating for inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These documents not only promote the idea of a social contract but also assert the legitimacy of government based on the consent of the governed.

The Core Assertion of Social Contract Theory

The central assertion of social contract theory is that law and political order are not natural but human creations. These creations exist to serve the benefit of individuals involved and are legitimate only to the extent that they fulfill the terms of the agreement. In this context, right and wrong actions are relative to the established social contract. This means that morality is dependent on the specific contract agreed upon by the members of a society.

Evaluating the Moral Implications: Social Contract or Coercion?

Some argue that the social contract idea is immoral. They contend that a contract one never agreed to and cannot escape from is not a contract but coercion. This viewpoint is supported by the short video illustrating why such a concept as a social contract is unnecessary. Critics argue that forcing individuals into a system they did not choose is unethical and undermines individual autonomy.

Inalienable Rights and Government

John Locke's concept of inalienable rights highlights the importance of individual liberties and the limited role of government. According to Locke, government exists to protect life, liberty, and property. These inalienable rights are fundamental to a just and fair society. The legitimacy of government is derived from the consent of the governed, ensuring that the rights of individuals are protected and respected.

Conclusion

The social contract theory is a complex and multifaceted concept that addresses the ethical foundations of government and individual rights. While it has provided a framework for understanding the relationship between citizens and their government, it also faces criticism for its potential to be coercive. Ultimately, the moral implications of the social contract theory depend on the specific agreement made between individuals and the enforcement of those rights.

References

Locke, J. (1690). Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge University Press.

Rousseau, J. J. (1755). Discourse on Inequality. Project Gutenberg.

Rousseau, J. J. (1762). The Social Contract. Project Gutenberg.