The Historical Context and Geopolitical Decisions Behind Jordan's Loss of Control over Judea and Samaria (West Bank)

Introduction

Following the Six Day War of 1967, Jordan lost its control over the West Bank, a region that was historically and culturally significant to the Jewish people. This loss marked a pivotal moment in Middle Eastern history, influencing the geopolitical landscape and the ongoing conflict in the region. This article delves into the historical context, the reasons behind Jordan's decision to relinquish its claims, and the subsequent developments that shaped the current situation in the West Bank.

The Six Day War and the Loss of the West Bank

On June 5, 1967, the Six Day War began with Israel launching a preemptive strike against its Arab neighbors, including Jordan. Following the conflict, Jordan lost control of the West Bank to Israel in a fait accompli, rather than a negotiated transfer. This loss became a defining moment for Jordan's political history and regional relations.

Geopolitical Considerations and Strategic Decisions

King Hussein of Jordan recognized the geopolitical changes after the Six Day War. Understanding the power dynamics and the increasing influence of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), King Hussein made the decision to cede his claim to the West Bank in 1988. This move was not a simple gesture but a calculated decision based on geopolitical realities and the potential for geopolitical upheaval. The PLO, a significant threat to Jordan's stability, was on the rise, and King Hussein saw it as a sign that maintaining control over the West Bank would jeopardize his kingdom's security.

Jordan's Post-War Changes

Following the Six Day War, Jordan also faced internal pressures. In 1970, the civil war in Jordan, known as the Black September crisis, saw significant conflict with Palestinian militias. This internal conflict further weakened Jordan's position and contributed to its decision to reduce its involvement in the West Bank. The peace treaty signed between Jordan and Israel in 1994 officially recognized the border post-1967, including the West Bank, as the international boundary.

The Significance of Judea and Samaria

The West Bank, formerly known as Judea and Samaria, is a region with deep historical and cultural significance. This land is considered sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, making its control and disposition a matter of paramount importance in the Middle East.

Palestinian Claims and International Recognition

It is important to note that while Jordan relinquished its formal claim to the West Bank in 1988, it does not acknowledge the current Palestinian claims to the region. Despite the PLO's control, the West Bank remains a subject of international negotiations and conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Its Claims

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has a distinct history but does not hold a historical claim to the region now known as the West Bank. The British granted the Hashemites rule over the region as a consolation prize when they did not get other territories. The land was predominantly occupied by Jews in ancient times and has deep roots in Jewish history.

Conclusion

The geopolitical decisions made by Jordan in the aftermath of the Six Day War were shaped by a complex interplay of internal and external pressures. The loss of control over the West Bank, combined with the peace treaty with Israel and the broader regional dynamics, represents a significant chapter in the history of the Middle East. Understanding this context is crucial for comprehending the ongoing conflict and the pursuit of peace in the region.