Tamil Brahmins and Periyar E.V. Ramasamy: A Historical and Cultural Perspective

Tamil Brahmins, a diverse and ancient community in South India, have been embroiled in debates surrounding their stance on figures like Periyar E.V. Ramasamy. This article delves into the intricacies of this cultural conflict, exploring the nuances of Tamil Brahmin sub-castes and their relationship with the socio-political movement led by Periyar.

Sub-caste Variations Among Tamil Brahmins

Tamil Brahmins are categorized into various sub-types, such as Iyengar and Iyer. Within these broader classifications, Iyengars further divide into Northerners and Southerners. This article emphasizes the differing views and beliefs within these sub-groups, particularly concerning Periyar and the eradication of Brahminism.

Southerner Brahmins and Their Stance

The Southerner Iyengars, being more secular and less embedded in traditional Brahminical doctrines, have a unique perspective. Unlike other sub-groups, they do not consider themselves anti-Periyar because they do not believe in Brahminism as adhered to by other Iyengar sub-castes. This belief stems from their historical and intellectual detachment from Brahminical practices and philosophies, making them more open to reformist ideas.

Admiration for Periyar's Reforms

The Southerner Iyengars were actively supportive of Periyar's eradication of Brahminism. An illustrative example is the screenplay written by the late DMK chief for the TV serial Ramanujar. The serial portrayed a Brahmin who lived around 900 to 1000 years ago, emphasizing the necessity for Brahmins to share their knowledge with non-Brahmin Dalits. This episode within the serial serves to highlight the centuries-old challenge of caste oppression and the attempts to address it.

Abolition of Untouchability and Ramanuja’s Philosophical Stance

Srikanta Sankara, a well-known Tamil Brahmin sociologist and intellectual, discusses the work of Ramanujar, the proponent of Vishishtadvaita, or qualified monism. Ramanuja, while distancing himself from extreme Brahminical practices, still challenged certain beliefs, such as the worship of the Ling. However, his approach was through peaceful debates rather than aggressive methods. This distinction is crucial in understanding the nuances of Periyar's critique of traditional Brahminism.

Religious Sensitivity and Cultural Respect

While it is true that Periyar and others employed provocative language and actions, it is essential to recognize that such behavior can be harmful to religious sensibilities. The actions of Periyar and their supporters often led to backlash, especially from those who hold their deities and traditions in high regard. For instance, the actions of Keralite communists attempting to play with the devotion of Keralites and Tamil Brahmins highlight the delicate balance between reform and respect.

Conclusion

The relationship between Tamil Brahmins and figures like Periyar is complex and multifaceted. While certain sub-castes like Southerner Iyengars were supportive of Periyar's reforms, others may have been more resistant due to deeply ingrained cultural and religious beliefs. Understanding this historical and cultural context is crucial for fostering mutual respect and dialogue between different communities.

References:

Sankara, S. (2022). Harmony and Conflict in South Indian Society. New Delhi: Wisdom Press.

Krishnan, M. (2021). Challenging Brahminism: A Study of Periyar E.V. Ramasamy and His Critics. Chennai: University of Madras Press.