Religious Practices and Beliefs of the Hazara People

The Hazara people are a distinct minority group in Pakistan and Afghanistan, with a rich cultural and religious heritage. While they share Shia beliefs, their religious practices and worldview differ significantly from those of other major Shia communities. This article delves into the spiritual and cultural identity of the Hazara people, focusing on their beliefs, values, and practices.

Background and History

The Hazara people trace their ancestry back to Genghis Khan, who established the Hazaristan region in the 13th century. They have faced significant persecution and genocidal attacks, particularly under the Taliban regime, which destroyed their economic and cultural infrastructure. Despite these challenges, the Hazara people continue to preserve their heritage and religious practices.

Religious Beliefs of the Hazara People

Most Hazara people are Shia Muslims, but there are two notable branches: Ithna Asheri Ismailis. These communities have distinct beliefs and practices within the broader Shia tradition. The Ithna Asheri Hazaras follow the Jaafari school of thought, while the Ismailis, like the Aga Khan lineage, have their own unique rituals and practices.

Ithna Asheri Shia Hazaras

The Ithna Asheri Hazaras adhere to the Jaafari tradition, which is a branch of Shia Islam. They believe in the Twelve Imams, who are the successors of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima. Like other Shia communities, they practice the Five Pillars of Islam but often do so with less strict adherence to daily prayers and other rituals. They place a strong emphasis on education, peace, and tolerance.

Ismaili Hazaras

The Ismaili Hazaras, led by Prince Karim Aga Khan, have a more liberal and open-minded approach to Islam. This community follows the Aga Khan IV, who is the 49th Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims. They have different prayer schedules, offering dua (prayers) at 5:00 AM and 6:00 PM instead of the five daily prayers. They also adhere to simplified marriage laws, emphasizing simplicity and equality.

Peaceful Philosophy and Values

An overarching characteristic of Hazara religious practices is the emphasis on peace, forgiveness, and non-violence. Despite facing oppression and violence, Hazaras strive to maintain a peaceful and tolerant attitude. This is evident in their community service, which includes various charitable and educational initiatives. For instance, Hazara Ismaili volunteers have been seen serving prayers, planting trees, and participating in community events, showcasing their commitment to community and education.

Community Life and Organizational Structure

Hazara communities have their own religious structures, such as Jamiyatis (community centers), which function similarly to mosques but have distinct purposes. These centers serve as places for prayer, education, and community gatherings. The Ismaili Hazaras, in particular, have Jamatkhanas, which are community centers where they gather for religious practices, social events, and community service. These places are not only religious institutions but also cultural hubs.

Future of the Hazara Community

While the Hazara people face numerous challenges, including political instability and religious persecution, many within the community remain committed to their faith and cultural heritage. Leaders such as Prince Karim Aga Khan have played significant roles in providing safety and support to Hazara communities, particularly in relocating them to more secure areas like Canada and the United States.

In conclusion, the Hazara people are a unique and resilient community with deep religious and cultural roots. Their practices and beliefs reflect a commitment to peace, education, and liberalism within the Shia tradition. Whether Ithna Asheri or Ismaili, the Hazara people continue to thrive and contribute positively to their communities.

Keywords: Hazara People, Shia Muslim, Ismaili