Understanding Rank Salutations in the US Army

In the United States Army, the question of whether a lieutenant colonel salutes a colonel or if they consider each other as the same rank often arises. This article aims to clarify these points and provide a deeper understanding of the rank structure and military etiquette in the U.S. Army.

Rank Structure Overview

The rank structure of most modern land-based military forces traces its roots back to the Roman Army. In the U.S. Army, the ranks of colonel and lieutenant colonel are hierarchical, with clear distinctions in authority and responsibility. A full bird colonel (O-6) is one rank higher than a lieutenant colonel (O-5), a distinction that carries significant implications for command and respect.

Saluting and Etiquette

A lieutenant colonel is required to salute a colonel. This is a standard practice that adheres to the military regulations and ensures proper chain of command. However, the relationship between these ranks is hierarchical, and a lieutenant colonel would not consider a full bird colonel as their peer in a formal setting. The salutation and the use of proper titles (e.g., "Mister" or "Madam" and the full names of superiors) are part of the protocol that maintains a structured hierarchical order.

Differences in Ranks

A rank structure is not only about titles but also about authority, responsibilities, and command. A lieutenant colonel is a lower rank and is "in lieu of" a full colonel, just as a major is above a captain. This hierarchy is crucial in maintaining the rigorous order and discipline necessary for military operations.

Rank Etiquette: Communication and Protocol

During informal conversations, a lieutenant colonel may call a colonel by their last name. However, it is also common for senior officers to address junior officers by their first names, depending on the relationship and the specific context. The core principle is that junior officers should never address their superiors by their first names to maintain respect and adherence to rank structure.

Roman Army Influence: Historical Context

The modern U.S. Army rank structure is influenced by the ancient Roman Army. For example, the term "lieutenant" comes from Latin and means "in lieu of a higher rank." A lieutenant is a lower rank, stepping in for a captain. Similarly, a lieutenant colonel is a lower rank, stepping in for a full colonel. Understanding this historical context can help in comprehending the current rank structure.

Enlisted Ranks and Modern Naval Ranks

In addition to officer ranks, the enlisted ranks also have their origins in ancient Rome but have evolved differently. Both officer and enlisted ranks are based on the Roman Army structure, each with its own unique hierarchy and responsibilities.

Modern naval ranks, on the other hand, often base their structure on the British Admiralty, which has similarly deep historical roots. This complex interplay of historical and contemporary influences shapes the current landscape of military rank structures.

Understanding this detailed ranking system and the associated salutations, titles, and protocols is essential for both new recruits and seasoned officers. It ensures that the necessary respect and order are maintained within the ranks of the U.S. Army, facilitating efficient and effective operations.