Perceptions of the Māori Term Pākehā: A New Zealand Perspective

The term Pākehā, a Māori word, refers to New Zealanders of European descent. As the term continues to grow in usage and understanding, it has sparked significant discussion within New Zealand society. Here, we explore how New Zealanders of European descent view this term, from acceptance and cultural awareness to negative connotations and personal identity.

Acceptance and Identification

Many New Zealanders of European descent accept the term Pākehā. They see it as a way to acknowledge their own history and the rich cultural tapestry of New Zealand, embracing the idea of belonging to Aotearoa, rather than the European continent. For some, the term represents their connection to the land and the legacy of their ancestors. A 6th generation "New Zealander," for instance, might feel a deep sense of belonging and identity that goes beyond traditional European roots. As one individual expresses, "As a 6th generation ‘New Zealander,’ I feel no ties to Europe and consider myself as part of the fabric of this land."

Cultural Awareness

Some see the term Pākehā as a step towards greater cultural awareness and understanding. Recognizing oneself as Pākehā can be part of a broader effort to understand and reconcile the complex histories and cultures that make up New Zealand. This term can serve as a bridge between Māori and non-Māori communities, fostering a sense of mutual respect and cooperation. As one person noted, “As a non-Māori, Pākehā represents the history my family has here and entrenches me and my descendants as being from Aotearoa.”

Negative Connotations and Personal Identity

Conversely, there are individuals who feel the term carries negative connotations or is used in a pejorative sense. They see it as a label that emphasizes differences rather than commonalities, leading to discomfort or rejection. One individual expressed, "Most people are fine with it but there are conspiracy theories about how it means 'flea' or 'pig' or 'white ghost' or 'stinky' or something. The breadth and variety of the allegedly insulting origin of the word makes it pretty dubious to believe." For those who feel othered, the term can evoke a sense of being excluded or misunderstood. The fear of being labeled as an "other" is widely recognized and can lead to resistance. As one person put it, "Essentially it’s the Māori term for ‘other’ and nobody likes to be othered."

Neutral Stance

Some individuals may adopt a neutral stance towards the term, viewing it as just another label with little personal significance or impact on their identity. They may see it as a part of the broader conversation around cultural identity and history but do not find it personally relevant. A neutral stance can be an act of pragmatism or disengagement, acknowledging the term without necessarily embracing or rejecting it.

Debate and Discussion

The term Pākehā has sparked extensive debate and discussion about identity, colonial history, and the ongoing relationship between Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand. This discussion is part of a broader conversation about race, culture, and belonging in the country. As one person stated, "The term has sparked conversations about identity, colonial history, and the ongoing relationship between Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand. This discussion is part of a broader dialogue about race, culture, and belonging in the country."

Conclusion

The feelings about the term Pākehā are complex and varied. While some embrace it as a meaningful part of their identity, others find it uncomfortable or negative. Ultimately, the term reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of New Zealand, where discussions about identity, history, and cultural awareness continue to evolve.

References:

Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Zed Books. Williams, R. (1983). The white man’s burden: Christening the New World. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Maori Language Commission (2019). Understanding Pākehā. Te Reo Māori Dictionary Resources.