Historical Facts About Iceland: A Depth of War, Aviation, and Cold War Bases

Located in the vast expanse of the North Atlantic, Iceland has a rich and diverse history shaped by various historical events, including its involvement in World War II, key aviation incidents, and the establishment of British military bases. From the tales of battles fought on its shores to the contributions of its unique geography during the Cold War, Iceland's historical narrative is as fascinating as it is varied.

WWII in Iceland: A Relatively Peacable Chapter in a Time of War

During World War II, Iceland found itself in a unique position, largely due to its geographical isolation and strategic location. Despite being occupied by Allied forces, Iceland experienced a relatively peaceful chapter during the war. One notable event was the temporary occupation by 370 Royal Marines, who landed in Iceland in May 1940 to secure the country and protect its neutrality.

The primary goal of the occupation was to ensure that Iceland would not be taken over by the Axis powers, particularly Nazi Germany. This action was part of a broader strategy to establish a defensive perimeter around Europe to contain the advance of German forces. The Royal Marines were among the first to land in Iceland, instigating a period that would see other Allied nations follow suit in securing the island's neutrality.

A Tragic Incident and its Impacts: The Keflavik Airport Crash

A significant aviation event during World War II involved the crash of a plane near Keflavik Airport. This tragic incident occurred on August 13, 1940, when a plane carrying General Carl Andrew Cadwallader, Supreme Commander of Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe, crashed near Keflavik Airport. Curiously, all aboard were killed except for the tail gunner, who narrowly escaped the incident.

The crash has been a subject of much debate and historical speculation. Some believe it altered the course of the war, potentially influencing the outcome in favor of the Allied powers. Others suggest that the failure to raise the alarm after the crash might have contributed to the advancement of the German forces in Europe. Despite the uncertainty surrounding the incident's impact, it remains a poignant chapter in Iceland's history and a topic of interest for historians and aviation enthusiasts alike.

Post-War British Bases: Ensuring Iceland’s Strategic Importance

Following World War II, Iceland saw the establishment of a series of British military bases as part of its ongoing commitment to the country's security. One of these bases was RAF Vik, located in Vik, and was operational during the Cold War era. These bases played a significant role in both World War II and the subsequent Cold War, helping to protect Iceland and support Allied operations.

The British Military built several bases in Iceland, including the significant one at Keflavik, which was used as a strategic hub for monitoring and supporting NATO operations. These bases were instrumental in maintaining the island's importance as an early warning system against potential Soviet threats. Over time, as alliances evolved, the nature and scope of these bases changed, reflecting the shifting geopolitical landscape of the Cold War.

Conclusion

Iceland's history is a testament to the diverse geopolitical events that have shaped the region. From the brief but significant World War II occupation to the tragic Keflavik crash, and through the establishment of British military bases, Iceland has played a crucial role in global conflicts and strategic planning. As the nation continues to evolve, these historical events serve as a reminder of its importance and resilience in the face of external pressures and challenges.