Azerbaijanis in Georgia: An Ethnic Identity Beyond Citizenship

When it comes to Azerbaijani identity among the Turkish ethnic group in Georgia, the overwhelming majority will identify as Azerbaijani, not Georgian. This identification is not solely based on citizenship but on ethnic roots and cultural heritage. Language and religion are significant markers of this distinct identity.

The Significance of Ethnic Identity Among Azerbaijanis in Georgia

Most Azerbaijanis in Georgia, when asked about their ethnic identity, will unequivocally identify themselves as Azerbaijani. This strong sense of ethnic identity is not unique to Azerbaijanis but applies to other minority groups in Georgia such as Armenians, Russians, and Yazidis. The primary reason for this identification is the deep-rooted impact of nationalism and cultural heritage.

Historical and Cultural Factors

While Azerbaijan is a predominantly Muslim country and practices Islam, the same religion also plays a significant role in Georgia and Armenia. However, each country has its own distinct Orthodox Church, highlighting the differences even within the same religious framework. Furthermore, the South Caucasus region, comprising Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, speaks completely different and unrelated languages, emphasizing the cultural diversity of the area.

Nationalism and Ethnic Identity

Georgian nationalism sometimes manifests in forms that can be quite specific and even exclusive. For many Georgians, a Georgian identity is more deeply connected to one's family background, particularly the last name. Even those who are born and raised in Georgia, fluent in Georgian, and integrated into Georgian society might still face resistance in being fully accepted as Georgian, unless they carry a Georgian surname.

Historical Context and Perceptions

Throughout much of Georgia's history, it was either defending against or under the rule of various groups, including Islamic invaders, the Mongols, the Ottomans, and Iran. This historical context has contributed to a national and cultural consciousness that often values and defends its unique identity. Such historical narratives can foster a sense of 'us versus them,' which reinforces the need to maintain a distinct ethnic identity.

Implications for the Young Generation

The young generation is often more cosmopolitan and influenced by global trends, but even they retain a strong sense of ethnic identity. This is not just due to historical factors but also because the younger generation often associates their identity with language, religion, cultural practices, and family traditions. The young are less likely to blend in entirely and more likely to emphasize their unique cultural heritage, even in an increasingly interconnected world.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the ethnic identity of Azerbaijanis in Georgia is deeply rooted in cultural heritage, language, and religion, far beyond issues of citizenship. This identity is not only a matter of personal or family history but is also influenced by the broader political and historical dynamics in the region. Despite the challenges posed by nationalism and historical contexts, the Azerbaijani community in Georgia maintains a strong and distinct sense of ethnic identity.